Starlight Discrete DAC Festival – London 2014

Jon’s ESL 6C4C drivers
Oh, are you taking a picture?
Bipolar discrete DAC ready
Final adjustments to the bipolar DAC guinea pig!
It never goes as planned
One hand is never enough
Jonathan’s Ti48 + DAC

A lot was already said about this fantastic day at Jon’s. The Starlight CD + Discrete DAC festival didn’t go as planned but we had a wonderful time. I had the chance to bring my own Starlight and sounded nice in Jon’s system despite the ground loop issue. Not clear what it was, despite it played well at low AVC levels but not when volume was increased. Perhaps was the load? Anyway, lots of tests from differential DACs to cathode follower outputs and Tom’s bipolar version.

I have to admit that the transformer coupled DAC sounded very transparent and detailed. The valve output gave a warmer tone and even harmonic contribution. The 6N1P implemented as cathode follower was very well received.

Tom’s bipolar DAC implementation is very promising. Clearly the tiny DC bias saturated the AVC and bass wasn’t good. Once we added the coupling PIO it came back to life with a subtle sound I enjoyed very much. Some challenges aside with the ESL resonances which I hope Jon can sort out soon.

Food and hospitality were superb in another unusual warm September day.

Most of all, a great day with fantastic company.

Thank you all

Ale

 

 

6P21S tetrode curves and model

6P21STime ago I generated the tetrode curves for this great directly heated tetrode using my analog curve tracer. I originally used this tetrode in triode-mode. Although it’s a good candidate for a SET amplifier with its 21W in triode-mode, I always wanted to find out how it will perform with Schade-type anode to grid feedback. Building an accurate beam-type tetrode model was key. Luckily now, Derk Reefman has developed an accurate model for these type of valves.

I also worked with Ronald Dekker and insisted him to build in the “Schade” feedback capability in the uTracer using software rather than hardware:

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Starlight CD transport and discrete DAC finished!

 

After an incredibly long journey I’m glad to say that is nearly over. The Starlight CD transport (I2S output and 4x oversampling) with its discrete DAC sounds absolutely amazing. Getting back to play my CDs is what I was cherishing for a long time. I will be bringing my +500 CD collection from my previous home soon so that would be perfect timing.

I promise to write up a proper blog entry with a full description of the learning experience. For now, I will just sit down and relax. Listen to many CDs and enjoy!

All the acknowledgements and thanks go to Tom Browne for this fantastic design and all the help provided throughout this journey. I think this is the Starlight number 20 or so built so far. Not sure if there are other ones being built anyway.  Also my thanks go to Jon Finlayson for his help on the DAC boards, Richard for the UI stuff and to Tony for inspiring me to give it a go…

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4P1L with screen as anode

A friend in DIYAudio came up with a great idea of using the 4P1L in a different way for a pre-amp/line stage. Given availability of IT and its gapped current, he suggested connecting the 4P1L differently. Instead of using the anode as the anode element, the screen is used as anode. The 4P1L screen has a maximum current of 10mA and dissipation should be within the 1.5W.

The 4P1L curves in this mode

Let’s look at an initial transfer curve with Uak=100V:

4P1L Screen as Anode transfer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I wired the 4P1L in the following way to allow tracing with the uTracer:

4P1L screen as anode connectionThe connection is slightly different as the one suggested by Indra. If you are looking to implement filament bias, you will have to rearrange the anode and suppressor grid connection and expect a slight shift on the curves given the change in bias. Filaments are in series here, however is preferred to wire them in parallel when using this valve in filament bias as a smaller filament resistor will be required given there is twice the filament current when filaments are connected in parallel. This will help to keep the output resistance lower as the size of this resistor is smaller (remember it is reflected multiplied by μ+1 times.

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Robustiano (V0.7)

Hacked a simple PCB to build the follower to drive the 4P1L as suggested by Rod. I had to play with the LND150 setting resistor (R4) to achieve the 2mA of idle current. I ended up biasing the 4P1L rather hot at about 11.5W which exceeds the specs. The Q2 VBE was not possible to measure as the Q2 would oscillate I guess when I place the tester lead on Q1 collector and the voltage seems to drop when I try to measure it. Should have added a ferrite bead:

Robustiano v07 bench test

When measuring distortion against frequency, I was keen to see that the follower provided some impact in reducing the HF distortion. For example at 20kHz, THD reduced from 0.96% to 0.59% @1W output power and from 7.84% to  3.52%, that is close to half the distortion I had before:

Robustiano v07 THD tests

What is nice to see now is the effect of the follower providing sufficient source current to the 4P1L grid. Above 2.5W, the grid current kicks in and we can see how “Robustiano” can deliver 3W at less than 1% until starts to clip about 3.5W:

Robustiano v07 THD versus power

I found that if I were to reduce the Rf further and therefore increasing the collector current but obviously exceeding the 4P1L power dissipation too much as collector current was about 45-48mA, the distortion at 20kHz falls significantly. I suspect I should increase the collector current to enable better drive of Q2 due to its Cib (30pF). To keep the current feedback arrangement this could be done by reducing the negative emitter voltage source (V1). Should try this I guess…

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Cheers

Ale